The mining industry is continually striving to develop more effcient methods to support the roof and walls of roadways and tunnels, and rock bolting has proven to be one of the most significant improvements in ground support over the last 50 years. Rock Bolt is now almost universally used in the underground mining industry worldwide, and there are many different rock bolts available.
Rock bolts are traditionally made from steel or fiberglass and are anchored into a borehole with a friction-anchor device, such as an expansion shell mechanism; cement grout; or chemical resin. Friction-anchored bolts are widely used in the Australian metal mining industry, predominantly as short-term support. They are used in conjunction with resin-anchored bolts where there is a requirement for longer life. Resin-anchored bolts are used in the coal mining industry.
Friction-anchored bolts provide immediate rock support, but their load transfer capacity is poor compared to resin or cement anchor bolts. In addition, friction-anchored bolts are more susceptible to corrosion than resin or cement self drilling anchor bolt.
Resin-anchored bolts typically use a plastic resin cartridge that contains mastic and catalyst components that are separated by a thin plastic film within the resin cartridge. The resin cartridge is insertd into the bolt hole before the rock bolt, and the rock bolt is pushed into the bolt hole to push the resin cartridge to the back of the hole. Then, the bolt breaks the plastics cartridge, and the bolt is rotated to thoroughly mix the mastic and catalyst components together. The mixed resin then flows down around the bolt and cures and hardens to anchor the bolt in the hole. These resin-anchored solid bolts work well and provide immediate roof support because the mixed resin typically cures and hardens in less than 60 seconds; it often cures in less than 15 seconds when resin capsules are used. However, bolts and anchored with resin cartridges have a significant disadvantage in that they require considerable manual handlingand several process steps to install, such as hangling drill steels, bolts, and resin cartridges http://www.sinorockco.com/.